Choosing the right trailer can change your transportation business. As a carrier, picking the best trailer is key for efficient logistics and profit. Dry vans and reefers are two common trailer types. Each has its own benefits. Knowing their differences is key to a better fleet.
In this guide, we’ll look at the main differences between dry vans and reefers. We’ll cover their design, function, and costs to help you decide.
Table of Contents
Understanding Dry Van and Reefer Trailers
It’s vital to know the differences between dry van and reefer trailers for efficient transport. We’ll explore each type’s features to help you choose wisely.
What is a Dry Van Trailer?
A dry van trailer is a standard, enclosed trailer for goods that don’t need temperature control. It’s versatile, handling boxes, pallets, machinery, and more.
Dry van trailers are 53 feet long, 8.5 feet wide, and 13.5 feet tall. Their simplicity and wide use make them cost-effective for many shippers.
What is a Reefer Trailer?
Reefer trailers, or refrigerated trailers, have temperature control systems. They keep specific temperatures, perfect for perishable goods like fresh produce and frozen foods.
Reefer trailers have advanced HVAC systems and metal floors to resist moisture. This helps keep cargo stable during temperature changes.
| Feature | Dry Van Trailer | Reefer Trailer |
| Temperature Control | No | Yes |
| Typical Cargo | Non-perishable goods | Perishable goods, Pharmaceuticals |
| Special Features | None | Refrigeration unit, Insulation |
Begin with a bespoke semi-trailer designed for your exact needs. Whether it’s heavy-duty hauling or specialized cargo, we’ve got the perfect solution to keep you moving forward.
Key Structural Differences Between Dry Van vs. Reefer
When choosing between dry van and reefer trailers, knowing their structural differences is key. Their design and operation affect their function and use.
Design and Construction Variations
Dry van and reefer trailers have different designs and constructions. Reefer trailers have refrigeration units and insulation for temperature control. This adds complexity but also keeps cargo at the right temperature.
The main difference in construction is the need for temperature control in reefer trailers. This leads to extra components like refrigeration units and insulation.
| Trailer Type | Key Features | Impact on Cargo |
| Dry Van | No temperature control, simple design | Suitable for non-perishable goods |
| Reefer | Refrigeration unit, insulation | Maintains temperature for perishable goods |
Capacity and Weight Considerations
Reefer trailers carry less weight than dry vans because of the refrigeration unit and insulation. They can carry about 42,500 pounds on average. This is 500 to 1,000 pounds less than dry vans.
The insulation and fiberglass panels in reefer trailers also reduce cargo space. They shrink the space by about three inches on all sides. This change can affect how you load cargo, especially when switching between dry vans and reefers.
Comparing Functionality and Versatility
Choosing between dry vans and reefers depends on the cargo and its needs. We’ll look at what each trailer can do.
Types of Cargo Suitable for Dry Vans
Dry vans can carry many types of cargo. This includes machinery, furniture, clothes, and electronics. They’re great for goods that don’t need to be kept at a certain temperature. Dry vans are the most common trailers for dry goods.
Temperature-Controlled Capabilities of Reefers
Reefer trailers can keep temperatures between -22°F and 95°F. They’re perfect for perishable goods like food and medicines. Reefers are key for keeping items like fresh produce, meat, and frozen foods at the right temperature.
They’re also important for pharmaceuticals. They keep biological materials and certain chemicals at a consistent refrigerated temperature.
- Reefer trailers feature sophisticated temperature control systems, accommodating frozen, chilled, and temperature-sensitive cargo.
- These trailers are critical for transporting perishable food products and pharmaceuticals that require consistent temperature environments.
- Beyond food transportation, reefers are used for biological materials, certain chemicals, and other temperature-sensitive items.
| Trailer Type | Temperature Control | Suitable Cargo | Special Features |
| Dry Van | No | Machinery, furniture, clothing, electronics | Versatile, widely available |
| Reefer | Yes, -22°F to 95°F | Perishable food, pharmaceuticals, and biological materials | Advanced cooling and heating systems, real-time monitoring |
Cost Analysis: Dry Van vs. Reefer
When choosing between dry vans and reefers, consider the costs. Look at the initial investment, ongoing expenses, and the return on investment over time.
Initial Investment Comparison
Reefer trailers cost more to buy or lease than dry vans. This is mainly because of the refrigeration equipment needed. Businesses must think about the higher upfront cost and the benefits of moving sensitive goods.
- Reefer trailers typically cost more to purchase or lease than dry vans.
- The specialized refrigeration equipment increases the initial investment.
Operational and Maintenance Expenses
Reefer trailers also have higher ongoing costs. These include fuel for the refrigeration unit, maintenance, and costs for temperature control failures.
- Fuel costs for refrigeration units add to operational expenses.
- Regular maintenance of refrigeration equipment is crucial to prevent costly failures.
Long-term Return on Investment
Reefer trailers cost more but can earn more money. They get higher freight rates because they transport temperature-sensitive goods. Knowing the costs and benefits helps businesses choose between dry vans and reefers.
- Reefer trailers can command 15-30% higher freight rates than dry vans.
- The demand for reefer services remains strong due to the importance of temperature-controlled transportation.
Can You Use a Reefer as a Dry Van?
Reefer trailers are made for temperature-controlled freight. But, they can also be used for dry cargo when it makes sense. Their high cost is balanced by their flexibility in certain situations.
Practical Considerations and Limitations
Using a reefer for dry cargo has its downsides. The main issue is the higher cost of operation. This includes fuel and maintenance for the refrigeration unit. Also, the decision to use a reefer for dry freight should be based on careful rate analysis.
Another key point is the availability of return loads. If there are no reefer loads for the return trip, using a reefer for dry freight can save on empty miles. This improves overall utilization rates.
When It Makes Business Sense
There are times when using a reefer as a dry van is smart:
- As a backhaul strategy to avoid empty miles after delivering temperature-controlled freight when no return reefer loads are available.
- For businesses operating in markets with seasonal fluctuations in refrigerated cargo demand, transporting dry freight during off-peak periods can provide valuable operational flexibility.
- Companies serving regions with imbalanced freight flows can use this dual-purpose capability to maintain profitability on return trips.
- In some specialized scenarios, using a reefer for high-value dry cargo that benefits from the enhanced security and environmental protection of a refrigerated trailer may command premium rates that justify the operational cost difference.
By being flexible, businesses can use their assets better. This can lead to more revenue through better load planning and reduced empty miles.
Conclusion
Choosing between dry vans and reefers depends on several factors. These include the type of cargo, the operating region, and financial considerations. At Genron International Trade, we know the right choice depends on your business needs.
Dry vans are cost-effective for non-perishable goods. Reefers offer versatility for both temperature-controlled and dry cargo at a higher cost. In extreme climates, reefers’ temperature control can be a big advantage.
FAQ
What are the primary differences between a Dry freight trailer and a Reefer trailer?
The main difference is temperature control. Dry freight trailers are for goods that don’t need temperature control. Reefer trailers have refrigeration units to keep specific temperatures for sensitive products.
Can a Reefer trailer be used for cargo that doesn’t require temperature control?
Yes, a Reefer trailer can be used for cargo that doesn’t need temperature control. But, it might not be the cheapest option because of the refrigeration unit’s higher operational costs.
What types of products typically require transportation in a Reefer trailer?
Products sensitive to temperature, like perishable foods, pharmaceuticals, and certain chemicals, need Reefer trailers. This keeps their quality and integrity during transport.
How do the costs of operating a Reefer trailer compare to those of a Dry freight trailer?
Running a Reefer trailer costs more than a Dry freight trailer. This is because Reefer trailers use more fuel for their refrigeration units. They also have higher maintenance costs.
Are there any specific maintenance requirements for Reefer trailers that differ from Dry freight trailers?
Yes, Reefer trailers need special care for their refrigeration units. This includes checking the cooling system, insulation, and electrical parts. It’s important to keep them running well.
Can Dry freight trailers be converted into Reefer trailers?
It’s possible to add a refrigeration unit to a Dry freight trailer. But, it’s not easy or cheap. Manufacturers might not even suggest it.
What factors should be considered when deciding between a Dry freight trailer and a Reefer trailer for a business?
Businesses should think about what they usually carry. They should also consider how much temperature control they need. And, they should look at the costs, like fuel, maintenance, and if it’s worth it.
